Pantheon: Exploring the Iconic Landmark’s Rich History

When most people think of Paris, they think of the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. However, the Pantheon is another famous tourist attraction that is often overlooked. Here are surprising facts about this iconic building that every traveler should know before visiting.

Le Panthéon est l'une des attractions touristiques les plus populaires de Paris. This grand and iconic building sits in the city’s heart, drawing people worldwide with its rich history, stunning architecture, and jaw-dropping design.

As you step inside the Pantheon, you will be amazed by its soaring columns, ornate sculptures, and rich colors that glow like gold. But this fascinating structure is not just a monument to past achievements – it also contains gorgeous gardens and quiet spaces where you can sit back, relax, and take in all of its beauty.

Qu'est-ce que le Panthéon ?

The Pantheon is an iconic Paris building built in the 18th century. It is a burial ground for famous French people and houses many paintings and sculptures. Because of its architecture and history, the Pantheon is also a popular tourist attraction.

Histoire

Louis XV wanted to build a new church for Sainte Geneviève, la patronne de Paris, as a promise if he recovered from a serious illness. Soufflot, a young architect only known in Lyon then, was chosen to design the église. The Pantheon was built in the neoclassical style and was influenced by Greek antiquity.

The Pantheon’s dome is, in fact, larger than the one at the Vatican. Construction on the Pantheon began in 1764 and was completed in 1790, just before the start of the French Revolution. Today, the Pantheon is one of Paris’s most popular tourist attractions.

During the agitated periods of the French Revolution and onwards, the Church became a Republican place and a place to bury famous people like Voltaire, Rousseau, Pierre, Marie Curie, and Victor Hugo. At the moment, there are 73 people in the crypt.

Voir connexe : Est-ce qu'il neige à Paris, en France ?

The Architectural Grandeur of the Panthéon

When you stand before the Panthéon in Paris, it’s like stepping into another era. The building is in the Quartier latin, right at the center of Place du Panthéon. It is a true icon of Neoclassical architecture, thanks to Jacques-Germain Soufflot, who designed it between 1758 and 1790.

The Panthéon’s dome is one of its most striking features. This colossal structure, inspired by St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, offers a breathtaking panorama of Paris. If you have a chance to climb up, don’t miss it.

Another standout element is the funerary portico, supported by massive Corinthian columns. When you walk under them, you can’t help but feel awe. These columns give the Panthéon a grand and imposing facade, fitting for a place dedicated to France’s great men.

The layout follows a Greek Cross pattern, creating balance and harmony. The pediment, beautifully decorated to tell stories of French history, adds to this effect.

And don’t forget the interior. The Panthéon houses the remains of famous figures like Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The walls are adorned with paintings and sculptures that celebrate French heritage.

Next time you find yourself near notre Dame, take a little detour. The Panthéon is just a short walk away, waiting to share its architectural splendor. This blend of classical grandeur and historical significance will surely leave an unforgettable impression.

Historical Significance and the French Revolution

The Panthéon in Paris has a fascinating history reflecting the French Revolution’s turbulent times. This section dives into its transformation from a church to a symbol of French patriotism and highlights notable figures entombed within its walls.

Initial Purpose and Patriotic Transformations

The building started as the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Construction began in 1757 to honor Saint Geneviève, the patron saint of Paris. The church was almost complete when the French Revolution began. The revolutionary government repurposed it into a mausoleum for great French citizens.

Through its transformation, the Panthéon became a patriotic site. Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were among the first to be interred here in 1791. They symbolized the Enlightenment ideals that fueled the revolution. The building’s neoclassical design, with its grand dome and Corinthian columns, mirrored the era’s push for a logical and classical approach to architecture.

Read Also: Château Voltaire

Noteworthy Individuals and Their Contributions

Over time, the Panthéon became the resting place for many significant French figures. For instance, writer Victor Hugo, whose works like Les Misérables captured the essence of French society, was interred in 1885. Louis Braille, the inventor of the braille system, also found his final resting place here, symbolizing a commitment to education and accessibility.

Alexandre Dumas, renowned for The Three Musketeers, joined in 2002, while Jean Jaurès, a prominent socialist leader, was added in 1924. Recent additions, like Simone Veil, reflect modern contributions to French society. Each interment underscores the evolving nature of being a French hero, making the Panthéon a historical monument and a living archive of French excellence.

The Panthéon as a Secular Temple

The Panthéon is one of Paris’s most fascinating buildings. Its changing roles reflect the city’s tumultuous history. Originally envisioned as the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, it transformed into a secular temple during the French Revolution.

In 1791, amidst revolutionary fervor, the National Constituent Assembly decided to convert the church into a mausoleum.

This secular transition meant the Panthéon would no longer serve religious purposes but instead honor France’s great men and women. The burial of Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, marked the beginning of this new chapter.

Changes to the building included blocking the windows and enhancing its somber, respectful atmosphere. This transformation highlighted national pride et secular values.

Throughout the 19th century, the Panthéon’s role oscillated between religious and secular. For instance, it became a secular mausoleum after the July Revolution of 1830. The Second Republic 1848 turned it into the “Temple of Humanity.”

During the Second Empire, it was briefly restored to religious use but resumed its secular role permanently by 1885. Victor Hugo’s burial solidified its status as a symbol of national remembrance.

The Panthéon houses the remains of numerous notable figures, from Voltaire à Marie Curie. Each tomb tells a story of achievement in various fields, such as literature, science, and politics.

Today, the Panthéon is a powerful emblem of France’s secularism, celebrating the country’s rich history and diverse contributions. It offers a unique blend of architecture, history, and culture, inviting you to explore its hallowed halls and reflect on the legacy of those who rest within its walls.

Cultural Influence and Symbolism

The Panthéon in Paris stands as a monument to French greatness. Over the years, it has evolved from a church to a resting place for national heroes, symbolizing historical reverence and cultural pride.

Artistic Masterpieces within the Panthéon

The Panthéon is home to several significant works of art. Pierre Puvis de Chavannes contributed murals celebrating prominent French figures and ideals. His murals, which started in 1874, depict Saint Geneviève’s life and other patriotic subjects, adding to the building’s cultural weight.

Pierre-Jean David d’Angers’s sculptures also grace the Panthéon. His statue of Voltaire is particularly notable, capturing the essence of the Enlightenment thinker. These sculptures honor the intellectual and cultural giants of France.

And don’t forget Antoine Gros and Alexandre Cabanel. Their paintings and other contributions bring rich, evocative stories to life on the Panthéon’s walls, turning it into a gallery that speaks to the spirit of the French nation.

The Panthéon’s Role in Science and Education

The Panthéon in Paris isn’t just about grand architecture or history. It has a significant role in science and education, too. Standing tall with its impressive dome, it also honors the achievements of great minds who have contributed to our understanding of the world.

Léon Foucault and his Pendulum

In 1851, a French physicist named Léon Foucault installed his famous pendulum in the Panthéon. Foucault’s Pendulum demonstrated the Earth’s rotation. If you visit, you’ll see a replica of this experiment, swinging gently and silently, reminding us of our planet’s constant motion.

Honoring Great Scientists

The Panthéon is the final resting place for several prominent scientists. Among them is Marie Curie, awarded Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry. Walking through the crypt, you’ll find her alongside other brilliant minds who have significantly contributed to science and humanity.

Connection to the Sorbonne

Located near the Panthéon, the Sorbonne has educated many scientists honored here. The proximity of these institutions symbolizes the close relationship between education and the recognition of intellectual achievements. Visits to the Panthéon have inspired many students and researchers.

A Symbol of Enlightenment and Learning

The Panthéon’s transformation from a church to a secular mausoleum reflects France’s dedication to enlightenment values. It stands as a beacon for knowledge and learning. This evolution highlights its role in promoting secular education and scientific inquiry.

You can’t help but feel inspired when you’re there, surrounded by the legacies of some of the most brilliant minds in history. It’s like the Panthéon gently whispers the importance of science and education to every visitor.

The Legacy and the Inhabitants

The Panthéon in Paris has evolved from a church to a mausoleum for France’s greatest minds. It holds the remains of influential figures who have shaped the nation’s history.

Mausoleum for the Nation’s Elite

The Panthéon began as a church dedicated to Sainte-Geneviève but became a mausoleum during the French Revolution. This shift started in 1791 with the death of Mirabeau, a revolutionary leader.

The Panthéon’s crypt houses graves of France’s illustrious figures. Among them, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire were some of the first to be interred here. Their resting places symbolize the impact of the Enlightenment era on French society.

Under different political regimes, the Panthéon oscillated between a church and a secular mausoleum. For instance, Napoleon briefly turned the church back into a church but kept the crypt for Empire dignitaries. Notable burials include Emile Zola, a revered writer, and Sadi Carnot, a former president of France.

Commemorating the Lives of Influential French Heroes

The Panthéon isn’t just a resting place; it’s a symbol of national pride. Marie Curie, the Nobel Prize-winning scientist, is the only woman buried here on her merit. Her inclusion marks a significant step in recognizing women’s contributions.

Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, an explorer, and Victor Hugo, whose funeral in 1885 cemented the Panthéon’s role, are also here. Their inclusion reflects the broad range of achievements honored within its walls.

Even Jeanne d'Arc is commemorated with a prominent statue, though not buried here. The Panthéon is a tribute to those who’ve made significant impacts in various fields, from literature and science to politics and exploration.

Surrounding Location and Amenities

The Pantheon Paris is in the Quartier latin, a lively area of history and charm. Strolling around, you’ll find a mix of cafes, bookstores, and vibrant student life, thanks to the nearby Sorbonne University.

A short walk from the Pantheon, you’ll come across the Jardin du Luxembourg. This beautiful garden is perfect for relaxing, with its manicured lawns, fountains, and tennis courts. Grab a crepe from a nearby stand and enjoy a peaceful afternoon.

To glimpse Paris’s deeper history, visit the Catacombes de Paris, an underground ossuary not too far from the Pantheon. The remains of over six million people can be found here, offering a fascinating yet eerie experience.

Le Sainte-Chapelle is also not far off. Known for its stunning stained glass, it’s a must-see Gothic landmark. And if you’re into architecture, wander around the area to appreciate the mix of Renaissance and Gothic styles.

If you’re looking for more convenience, the area is well-served by public transport. You can get there by metro line 10 ou la RERB at the Luxembourg station. There’s also a Vélib’ bike station nearby for those who prefer cycling around the city.

For a bite to eat, the streets like Rue Soufflot are lined with quaint cafes and bistrots. Whether you’re in the mood for classic cuisine française or just a quick coffee, you’ll find plenty of options.

And don’t miss the chance to visit Sainte-Geneviève, the patron saint of Paris, to whom a nearby church is dedicated. This adds another layer of cultural richness to the already fascinating surroundings.

Choses à voir et à faire au Panthéon

The Pantheon was originally built as a church and is one of Paris’s most popular tourist destinations. It is home to the graves of many famous people, including Marie Curie, Victor Hugo, and Jean-Paul Sartre.

Visitors can also admire the Pantheon’s beautiful architecture, including its massive domed roof and elegant columns. Additionally, the Pantheon is known for its impressive collection of paintings and sculptures, including works by artists such as Rodin and David.

Visiting the Pantheon can be a very educational experience for travelers. They can learn about the history of France and see some of its most famous landmarks. Additionally, its beauty and grandeur can inspire them.

You can also admire one Pendule de Foucault in the center of the monument (proof of the rotation of the Earth) and a belle vue panoramique sur Paris du Dôme à certaines heures de la journée.

Visiter le Panthéon

The Pantheon is a famous tourist attraction in Paris that travelers should learn about to enjoy their time in the city. The Pantheon is a burial ground for famous French people and has many beautiful artworks, making it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Paris.

De plus, le Panthéon est une attraction touristique populaire en Paris pour son architecture époustouflante et une histoire intéressante. Enfin, les voyageurs doivent savoir que selon des recherches, 8 millions de personnes visitent le Panthéon chaque année, ce qui en fait l'une des attractions touristiques les plus populaires de la ville.

Billets d'entrée

• 8 euros pour les adultes.
• L'entrée est gratuite pour les moins de 18 ans.

Find Things to Do in Paris

Find Accommodation

Explore Paris With Our Guides & Reviews